Rubber additives are generally divided into six categories.
The first category is vulcanization system auxiliaries, mainly vulcanizing agents, accelerators and activators.
The vulcanizing agents include: ① sulfur, selenium and tellurium; ② sulfur-containing compounds; ③ organic peroxy compounds; ④ quinone compounds; ⑤ amine compounds; ⑥ resins; ⑦ metal oxides; ⑧ other vulcanizing agents.
Promoters include: ① dithiocarbamate; ② xanthate; ③ thiuram; ④ thiazole; ⑥ hyposulfonamide; ⑦ amine and aldehyde amine condensate; ⑧ guanidine; ⑨ thiourea.
Activators include: ① zinc oxide; ② magnesium oxide; ③ stearic acid, etc.
The second category is the protection system additives, mainly antioxidants and flame retardants, antioxidants are mainly amines, phenols, heterocyclic, phosphite, protective waxes, etc..
Amines include: ① naphthylamine system; ② quinoline system; ③ diphenylamine system; ④ p-phenylenediamine system.
Phenols include: ① hydrocarbonated mononuclear phenols; ② hydrocarbonated dinuclear phenols; ③ hydrocarbonated polynuclear phenols.
There are also heterocyclic and phosphite esters.
Protective waxes include: microcrystalline wax, ground wax and white wax, etc.
Flame retardants include: ① bromine system; ② chlorine system; ③ phosphorus system; ④ inorganic substances.
The third category is the operating system additives, mainly plasticizers (softeners), dispersants, uniform agents, viscosity enhancers, mold release agents and anti-coking agents.
The fourth category is the reinforcing and filling system additives, mainly carbon black, silica, inorganic reinforcing and filling agents and organic reinforcing and filling agents.
The fifth category is the bonding system additives, mainly between – A – white system, cobalt salt bonding accelerator, triazine adhesives, impregnating adhesives and adhesives.
The sixth category is other additives, such as foaming agents, defoamers, coloring agents, aromatic agents, anti-fogging agents, anti-termite agents, lubricants, mold release agents, isolation matting agents, product surface finishing agents and mold cleaning agents.
