Abstract: Lightweight as the main trend of future development in the field of automobile, it is necessary to make effective use of polymer materials, which can realize the lightweight of automobile and also have certain energy-saving and environmental protection effects, and also can make the manufacturing comprehension of automobile more perfect and make the comprehensive performance of automobile improve, and can reasonably use polyurethane materials in the structure and decoration of automobile manufacturing.
Keywords: polyurethane; automobile manufacturing; application
This paper briefly analyzes and summarizes the application and formulation requirements of polyurethane materials in various structures in the process of automobile manufacturing, mainly the analysis of polyurethane foam, reaction injection molding polyurethane products, polyurethane elastomer and polyurethane adhesive, etc. We hope that it can promote the future development of automobile manufacturing industry.
1 Polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam is mainly made of isocyanate and hydroxyl compounds foamed under the cooperation of polymerization, polyurethane foam can be divided into soft and semi-hard and hard materials, soft foam is mainly used in automobile manufacturing for car headrests and car roofs and other materials that people can directly contact, because its characteristics can be rebounded, can effectively protect human safety, can improve the car’s safety factor. The semi-hard material is mainly used for the dashboard and other structures, which can effectively save the manufacturing time and have higher stability. Rigid materials are mainly used in the car cabin insulation, polyurethane foam is usually used to improve the flame retardancy of foam by adding flame retardants to delay combustion, stop smoke or even extinguish ignition parts, thus improving the safety of the car. It has a good filling effect and can prevent corrosion and reduce the noise inside the car.
2 Reaction injection molding polyurethane products
It has the advantages of low investment and operation cost, beautiful appearance, good impact resistance, and great flexibility in design, etc. This kind of polyurethane product is formed by manufacturing liquid raw materials in the mold, and its rigidity and strength are almost the same as that of steel, but it is 50% lighter than steel, which can better promote the light weight of the car, and it is mainly used in the structure of body and steering wheel. Steering wheel as the main structure of the car, can effectively ensure the safety of the family eater lunchan, in the event of an accident can reduce the injury to the driver, but also to ensure the stability of the structure. Many car bumpers are also used in such products, the internal can also be embedded in the steel, to better ensure that the driver is subject to small threats. The body siding is made of polyurethane mainly because it has a good impact force and can ensure the comprehensive performance of the body and can not be affected by deformation in various environments.
3 Polyurethane elastomer
Polyurethane elastomer is mainly used in the application of automobile manufacturing as a key structure such as shock absorbing cushion block, because the elastic polyurethane material has good cushioning performance, and is used in combination with high strength spring device at the chassis of the car, which can improve the effect of shock absorbing cushion block and also enhance the comfort of the car, and most of the cars use such material and technology. In the airbag part is also the use of high elasticity polyurethane material, because this structure is to protect the driver after a barrier, has an important role, requires the strength and elasticity of the airbag must meet the relevant requirements, and elastic polyurethane is the appropriate choice, and polyurethane material is relatively light, most of the airbag is only about 200g.
Tires are an indispensable part of the car driving, ordinary rubber products tires are relatively short life, can not receive a lot of strength to use the environment, and also have a negative impact on human health, so you need to choose better materials, and polyurethane materials can meet these requirements, and there is less investment and process is relatively simple, in the emergency brake polyurethane tires heat resistance General, this is also in the specific use of more limited reason, the general polyurethane tires are poured process, can make the tire to adapt to different requirements, so that the tire will not produce pollution, very green, hope that the future can solve the problem of polyurethane tires are not resistant to high temperature, better to achieve widespread use.
4 Polyurethane Adhesive
The hydrogen bond between polyurethane and the material to be bonded will enhance the molecular cohesion and further make the bonding more solid, polyurethane adhesives also have good toughness and adjustability, polyurethane adhesives have excellent shear strength and impact resistance, suitable for a variety of structural adhesives in the field, with excellent flexibility, the polyurethane adhesive has excellent performance, can adapt to different thermal expansion coefficient of bonding, with The polyurethane material as a windshield adhesive can achieve a good sealing effect of the car, can make the car glass and body more stable, can increase the overall rigidity and strength of the car, and can reduce the weight of the car to facilitate the car’s driving. The interior of many cars also take polyurethane material, because the water resistance of this material is particularly good, which can prevent the decorations from being deformed by water and better make the interior of the car beautiful and comfortable.
5 Conclusion
Lightweight automobile manufacturing has become the main trend of automobile manufacturing, and it is also a means to measure the level of automobile manufacturing and a key mark of relevant technical process capability. Polyurethane has different application methods in automobile application through different polyurethane materials such as polyurethane foam and polyurethane elastomer, etc. Only the better application of polyurethane materials in automobile manufacturing in China and the Only the better application of polyurethane materials in China’s automobile manufacturing and the research on polyurethane materials can solve the relevant bottlenecks, such as the problem of heat resistance of tires, which also requires the joint research of corresponding experts in the automobile manufacturing industry and the support of relevant policies, hoping that the domestic automobile manufacturing level will be continuously improved.
