Organotin poisoning knowledge
Organotin poisoning refers to poisoning caused by excessive exposure to organotin. The main application in agriculture is trialkyltin. Acute trialkyltin poisoning mainly damages the central nervous system, causing interstitial edema in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord, leading to toxic encephalopathy. Chronic effects Common neurasthenic syndrome. Skin contact may cause burns, contact or allergic dermatitis. Dialkyltins mainly damage the liver and biliary tract. In addition to disengagement, treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive.
| Chinese name | Organotin | Use | used as catalyst, stabilizer |
| Type | Organic compounds | Dangerous | The central nervous system can cause white matter edema |
| Common style | RnSnX4-n |
Types of organotin compounds
There are 4 types of organotin compounds: tetrahydrocarbyl tin compounds, trihydrocarbyl tin compounds, dihydrocarbyl tin compounds and monohydrocarbyl tin compounds.
According to domestic and foreign case reports, the main organotin compounds causing acute toxic encephalopathy are trimethyltin, trimethyltin chloride, triethyltin, trimethyltin, Ethyltin chloride, triethyltin bromide, triethyltin iodide, triethyltin hydroxide, triethyltin sulfate, bistriethyltin sulfate, tributyltin chloride, triphenyl Tin chloride, triphenyltin acetate, tetraethyltin, tetrabutyltin, tetraphenyltin and triethyltin bromide (umisan), etc.
Physical and chemical properties
Organotin compounds are mostly solid or oily liquid, with rotten grass smell. Volatile at room temperature, insoluble or hardly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents. Some of these compounds can be decomposed by bleaching powder or potassium permanganate to form inorganic tin.
Contact Opportunities
Organotin compounds are mainly used as stabilizers for PVC plastics, as well as agricultural fungicides, antifungal agents for paints, underwater antifouling agents, Rodent repellant etc. Tetrahydrocarbyl tins are intermediates for the preparation of other organotin compounds. Waters near ships, etc. where organotin antifouling coatings are applied can be polluted. Operators may be exposed to organotin in large quantities due to improper protection, equipment failure or illegal operation during operation.
Intrusion Path
Organotins can generally be absorbed through the respiratory tract, and the degree of absorption through the skin and digestive tract varies with its species. For example, light chain alkyl tin is absorbed quickly through the gastrointestinal tract, and tricyclohexyl tin hydroxide is rarely absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Trihydrocarbyltin is generally absorbed through the skin, but triphenyltin chloride and triphenyltin acetate are difficult to penetrate without damaging the skin.
Poisoning symptoms
Acute poisoning may have a certain incubation period, generally 1 to 5 days. During the incubation period, the patient may have no symptoms or only mild dizziness, headache, etc. It is paroxysmal in the early stage and persistent in the later stage, with listlessness and obvious fatigue. Severe cases may suddenly enter a coma state, and convulsions and respiratory arrest may also occur.
Certain species such as dibutyltin compounds, tributyltin compounds, triethyltin bromide, tetraethyltin, triphenyltin acetate, etc. can cause eye, Nasal and pharyngeal irritation symptoms can cause burns.
The symptoms of chronic poisoning are neurasthenic syndrome, in which dizziness, headache and fatigue are the main symptoms, which are usually more severe in the afternoon and may cause weight loss.
First aid
1. Immediately leave the accident scene to a place with fresh air. Immediately wash contaminated skin thoroughly with water or soapy water. Rinse eyes with water if contaminated. Gastric lavage with water immediately after oral ingestion.
2. Because the nervous system symptoms may not be obvious during the incubation period of poisoning, the early symptoms of poisoning are often non-specific, and it is difficult to diagnose early, but the condition changes rapidly after the onset, so Those who have a relatively large contact history should stay in bed and generally observe for 5 to 7 days for timely treatment.
3. According to the poisoning manifestations of different organotin compounds, give symptomatic and supportive treatment. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be used if necessary; it is necessary to prevent self-injury or injury to others with severe mental symptoms. Patients with severe poisoning should extend their rest time appropriately even after clinical recovery.
