Methylmorpholine Oxide (NMO) is a heterocyclic amine oxide and morpholine derivative. It is used in organic chemistry as a co-oxidant and a sacrificial catalyst in oxidation reactions such as the oxidation of osmium tetroxide and the sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation or oxidation with TPAP. NMO is commercially available as the monohydrate C5H11NO2 H2O and the anhydrous compound. The monohydrate is used as a solvent for cellulose in the Lyocell process to produce cellulose fibers.
NMO, as an N-oxide, is an oxidizing agent. It is usually used in stoichiometric amounts as a secondary oxidant (co-oxidant) to regenerate the primary (catalytic) oxidant after it has been reduced by the substrate. For example, stoichiometric amounts of toxic, volatile, and expensive osmium tetroxide are theoretically required for ortho-cis dihydroxylation, but the amount required can be reduced to catalytic amounts if continuously regenerated with NMO.
NMO is a colorless water-soluble liquid with a mint-like odor. It is a strong base and mild oxidizing agent. NMO is also a skin and eye irritant and a respiratory irritant. NMO is also a suspected carcinogen.
Here are some hazards associated with NMO:
Flammability: NMO is a flammable liquid with a flash point of 100 °F (38 °C). It will ignite if exposed to heat, sparks or open flame.
Skin and Eye Irritation: NMO is a skin and eye irritant. If it comes into contact with skin or eyes, it can cause redness, itching and burning.
Aspiration hazard: NMO may be harmful if inhaled. It can cause respiratory problems such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
Ingestion hazard: Ingestion of NMO may be harmful. It can cause an upset stomach, vomiting and diarrhea.
If you are exposed to NMO, it is important to seek immediate medical attention.
Here are some safety precautions to take when dealing with NMO:
Wear gloves, safety glasses, and a lab coat when handling NMO.
Work in a well-ventilated area.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
If NMO comes into contact with skin or eyes, wash immediately with soap and water.
If NMO is inhaled, remove victim to fresh air and give artificial respiration if necessary.
If NMO is swallowed, call a poison control center or go to a hospital right away.
NMO should be stored in a cool, dry place. Keep away from heat, light sources and sources of ignition. NMO should be stored in airtight containers.
